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Zirconium (Zr)
Atomic number 40 · transition
| Atomic number | 40 |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass | 91.224 u |
| Molar mass | 91.224 g/mol |
| Category | transition |
| Group / period / block | 4 / 5 / d |
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d2 5s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.33 |
| Atomic radius | 155.0 pm |
| Density | 6.52 g/cm³ |
| First ionisation energy | 6.6341 eV |
| Melting point | 2127.15 K (1854.00 °C) |
| Boiling point | 4679.15 K (4406.00 °C) |
| Common oxidation states | +4 |
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 165 ppm |
Uses
Nuclear reactors, ceramics, artificial gems
Discovery
1789, Martin Klaproth