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Niobium (Nb)
Atomic number 41 · transition
| Atomic number | 41 |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass | 92.90637 u |
| Molar mass | 92.90637 g/mol |
| Category | transition |
| Group / period / block | 5 / 5 / d |
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d4 5s |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.6 |
| Atomic radius | 145.0 pm |
| Density | 8.57 g/cm³ |
| First ionisation energy | 6.7588 eV |
| Melting point | 2750.15 K (2477.00 °C) |
| Boiling point | 5014.15 K (4741.00 °C) |
| Common oxidation states | +5 |
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 20 ppm |
Uses
Superconducting magnets, steel alloys
Discovery
1801, Charles Hatchet