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Vanadium (V)
Atomic number 23 · transition
| Atomic number | 23 |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass | 50.9415 u |
| Molar mass | 50.9415 g/mol |
| Category | transition |
| Group / period / block | 5 / 4 / d |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.63 |
| Atomic radius | 135.0 pm |
| Density | 6.0 g/cm³ |
| First ionisation energy | 6.7462 eV |
| Melting point | 2183.15 K (1910.00 °C) |
| Boiling point | 3680.15 K (3407.00 °C) |
| Common oxidation states | +5 |
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 120 ppm |
Uses
Tough steel tools, flow batteries
Discovery
1830, Nils Sefström