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Ruthenium (Ru)
Atomic number 44 · transition
| Atomic number | 44 |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass | 101.07 u |
| Molar mass | 101.07 g/mol |
| Category | transition |
| Group / period / block | 8 / 5 / d |
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d7 5s |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.2 |
| Atomic radius | 130.0 pm |
| Density | 12.1 g/cm³ |
| First ionisation energy | 7.3605 eV |
| Melting point | 2606.15 K (2333.00 °C) |
| Boiling point | 4420.15 K (4147.00 °C) |
| Common oxidation states | +3, +4 |
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 0.001 ppm |
Uses
Hard disks, electrical contacts
Discovery
1844, Karl Klaus