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Neodymium (Nd)
Atomic number 60 · Lanthanide
| Atomic number | 60 |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass | 144.242 u |
| Molar mass | 144.242 g/mol |
| Category | Lanthanide |
| Group / period / block | — / 6 / f |
| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.14 |
| Atomic radius | 185.0 pm |
| Density | 7.01 g/cm³ |
| First ionisation energy | 5.525 eV |
| Melting point | 1289.15 K (1016.00 °C) |
| Boiling point | 3347.15 K (3074.00 °C) |
| Common oxidation states | +3 |
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 41.5 ppm |
Uses
Strongest permanent magnets, motors, speakers
Discovery
1925, C.F. Aver von Welsbach