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Hafnium (Hf)
Atomic number 72 · transition
| Atomic number | 72 |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass | 178.49 u |
| Molar mass | 178.49 g/mol |
| Category | transition |
| Group / period / block | 4 / 6 / d |
| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.3 |
| Atomic radius | 155.0 pm |
| Density | 13.3 g/cm³ |
| First ionisation energy | 6.8251 eV |
| Melting point | 2506.15 K (2233.00 °C) |
| Boiling point | 4873.15 K (4600.00 °C) |
| Common oxidation states | +4 |
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 3 ppm |
Uses
Nuclear control rods, microchips
Discovery
1923, Dirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy