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Gold (Au)
Atomic number 79 · transition
| Atomic number | 79 |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass | 196.96657 u |
| Molar mass | 196.96657 g/mol |
| Category | transition |
| Group / period / block | 11 / 6 / d |
| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.4 |
| Atomic radius | 135.0 pm |
| Density | 19.3 g/cm³ |
| First ionisation energy | 9.2256 eV |
| Melting point | 1337.33 K (1064.18 °C) |
| Boiling point | 3109.15 K (2836.00 °C) |
| Common oxidation states | +3 |
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 0.004 ppm |
Uses
Jewellery, electronics, gold reserves
Discovery
Known since ancient times