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Chlorine (Cl)
Atomic number 17 · Halogen
| Atomic number | 17 |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass | 35.45 u |
| Molar mass | 35.45 g/mol |
| Category | Halogen |
| Group / period / block | 17 / 3 / p |
| Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p5 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 7 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 3.16 |
| Atomic radius | 100.0 pm |
| Density | 0.0029 g/cm³ |
| First ionisation energy | 12.9676 eV |
| Melting point | 171.65 K (-101.50 °C) |
| Boiling point | 239.11 K (-34.04 °C) |
| Common oxidation states | -1, +1, +3, +5, +7 |
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 145 ppm |
Uses
Water purification, PVC, bleach
Discovery
1774, Carl Wilhelm Scheele