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Boron (B)
Atomic number 5 · Metalloid
| Atomic number | 5 |
|---|---|
| Atomic mass | 10.81 u |
| Molar mass | 10.81 g/mol |
| Category | Metalloid |
| Group / period / block | 13 / 2 / p |
| Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 2p |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 3 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.04 |
| Atomic radius | 85.0 pm |
| Density | 2.34 g/cm³ |
| First ionisation energy | 8.298 eV |
| Melting point | 2350.15 K (2077.00 °C) |
| Boiling point | 4273.15 K (4000.00 °C) |
| Common oxidation states | +3 |
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 10 ppm |
Uses
Borosilicate glass, detergents, semiconductors
Discovery
1808, Sir H. Davy, J.L. Gay-Lussac, L.J. Thénard